PTFE(Teflon) Parts

What Are The Key Properties Of Ptfe Valves For Food Processing? Ensure Safety, Purity, And Efficiency

Discover why PTFE valves are ideal for food processing: chemical inertness, non-stick surfaces, and high-temperature stability for superior safety and uptime.

What Advantages Does The Steel Backing Provide In Ptfe-Lined Bearings? Achieve High Load Capacity & Superior Heat Dissipation

Learn how steel backing in PTFE-lined bearings provides structural strength, high load capacity, and superior heat dissipation for demanding applications.

What Is The Function Of The Sintered Bronze Powder In Ptfe-Lined Bearings? Unlock High-Load, Low-Friction Performance

Learn how sintered bronze powder anchors PTFE and dissipates heat, enabling high-load capacity and maintenance-free operation in composite bearings.

What Types Of Ptfe-Lined Bearings Are Available? Find The Right Bearing For Your Load And Motion Needs

Explore PTFE-lined bearing types: sleeve, flanged, thrust washers & strips. Choose the right form for radial, axial, or linear motion in your application.

What Are The Performance Specifications Of Ptfe-Lined Bearings? Achieve Maintenance-Free, High-Load Performance

Discover PTFE-lined bearing specs: low friction (0.02-0.20), high static load (250 N/mm²), and speed limits (2.5 m/s dry). Ideal for maintenance-free applications.

What Materials Are Used In The Construction Of Ptfe-Lined Bearings? A Guide To Their 4-Layer Composite Design

Learn about the 4-layer construction of PTFE-lined bearings: steel backing, sintered bronze, PTFE liner, and plating. Discover how each material functions.

In What Applications Are Ptfe-Lined Bearings Particularly Beneficial? For Maintenance-Free Performance In Harsh Environments

Discover how PTFE-lined bearings provide self-lubrication, low friction, and chemical resistance for automotive, medical, food processing, and industrial applications.

What Are The Main Benefits Of Ptfe-Lined Bearings? Achieve Maintenance-Free, High-Performance Motion

Discover the key benefits of PTFE-lined bearings: self-lubrication, low friction, and chemical resistance for demanding applications.

What Are The Key Properties Of Ptfe That Make It Suitable For Lined Bearings? Discover The Ultimate Low-Friction Solution

Learn how PTFE's low friction, self-lubrication, high compressive strength, and chemical inertness make it ideal for durable, maintenance-free bearings.

What Purity Standards Do Ptfe Bellow Seals Meet? Ensure Compliance In Critical Applications

Learn about the FDA, ISO, and ASTM standards PTFE bellow seals meet for pharmaceutical, medical, and semiconductor purity requirements.

What Environmental Resistance Properties Do Ptfe Bellow Seals Have? Withstand Harsh Chemicals & Extreme Temperatures

Discover the exceptional environmental resistance of PTFE bellow seals, including chemical inertness, UV stability, and a wide temperature range from -200°C to +260°C.

What Chemical Resistance Properties Does Ptfe Bellow Seal Possess? Unmatched Protection Against Corrosive Media

Learn how PTFE bellow seals resist concentrated acids, bases, solvents, and oxidizers. Understand their few critical limitations for safe deployment.

What Lubrication Characteristics Does Ptfe Offer For Mechanical Seals? Achieve Oil-Free, Low-Friction Sealing

Discover PTFE's unmatched lubrication for mechanical seals: lowest coefficient of friction, non-adhesion, and chemical inertness for demanding applications.

What Electrical Properties Do Ptfe Mechanical Seals Possess? Superior Insulation For Demanding Applications

PTFE seals offer exceptional electrical insulation with high volume resistance (10¹⁸ ohm/cm), low dielectric loss, and stable performance across temperatures and frequencies.

What Temperature Range Can Welded Ptfe Bellow Seals Withstand? Unmatched Performance From -200°C To +260°C

Discover the extreme thermal range of PTFE bellow seals: cryogenic -200°C to high-temp +260°C. Ideal for semiconductor, medical, and industrial sealing.

What Are The Main Advantages Of Ptfe Mechanical Seals? Superior Chemical & Temperature Resistance

Discover the key benefits of PTFE mechanical seals: unmatched chemical inertness, extreme temperature & pressure tolerance, and low friction for efficiency.

What Are The Operating Parameters For Ptfe Bellow Mechanical Seals? A Guide To Reliable Performance In Corrosive Environments

Learn the key operating parameters for PTFE bellow seals: temperature range, pressure limits, speed, and sizing for handling corrosive chemicals.

What Is The Typical Application Of Ptfe Bellow Mechanical Seals In Pumps? Sealing Corrosive Fluids

Learn why PTFE bellow seals are essential for pumps handling aggressive chemicals. Discover their ideal applications, limits, and key benefits.

What Are The Main Features Of Ptfe Bellow Mechanical Seals? A Guide To Extreme Chemical Resistance And Reliability

Discover the key features of PTFE bellow seals: unmatched chemical resistance, low friction, and flexible design for demanding applications.

In Which Industries Are Ptfe Bellow Mechanical Seals Commonly Used? The Ultimate Solution For Corrosive Fluids

Discover why PTFE bellow seals are essential for chemical, pharmaceutical, and aerospace industries. Learn their benefits, limits, and ideal applications.

What Are The Key Properties Of Ptfe That Make It Suitable For Mechanical Seals? Unlock Superior Sealing Performance

Discover why PTFE's chemical inertness, low friction, and wide temperature range make it the ideal material for reliable, long-lasting mechanical seals.

Do Ptfe Gaskets Require Lubrication? Trust The Material For A Reliable Seal

Learn why lubricating PTFE gaskets causes failure. Proper installation relies on clean surfaces and lubricated fasteners for a perfect seal.

Which Industries Benefit Most From Expanded Ptfe Gaskets? Ensure Purity And Protect Equipment

Discover why pharmaceutical, food & beverage, chemical, and water treatment industries rely on ePTFE gaskets for critical seals.

Are Expanded Ptfe Gaskets As Durable As Standard Ptfe Gaskets? Discover The Best Choice For Your Seal.

Compare ePTFE vs. standard PTFE gasket durability. Learn which excels in sealing, creep resistance, and high-pressure applications for your industry.

Can Expanded Ptfe Gaskets Handle High Temperatures? Ensure Reliable Sealing Up To 500°F

Learn how expanded PTFE gaskets maintain sealing integrity at high temperatures (up to 500°F/260°C) with superior chemical resistance and dimensional stability.

Which Type Of Ptfe Gasket Is Better For Uneven Surfaces Or Fragile Flanges? Seal With Confidence Using Eptfe

Discover why expanded PTFE (ePTFE) is the superior choice for sealing uneven surfaces and fragile flanges, offering low seating stress and high conformability.

Which Type Of Ptfe Gasket Is Better For High-Pressure And High-Temperature Applications? Discover The Best Solution For Demanding Seals

Learn why filled or structured PTFE gaskets outperform pure PTFE in high-pressure, high-temperature applications due to superior creep resistance.

How Do Standard Ptfe And Expanded Ptfe Gaskets Differ In Terms Of Flexibility And Compressibility? Select The Right Seal For Your Flange.

Learn the key differences between standard PTFE and expanded PTFE (ePTFE) gaskets: rigidity vs. soft compressibility for perfect vs. irregular flanges.

What Are The Best Applications For Expanded Ptfe (Eptfe) Gaskets? Solve Sealing Challenges With Low Force

Discover the ideal applications for ePTFE gaskets: sealing fragile flanges, damaged surfaces, and aggressive chemicals with superior conformability.

What Are The Best Applications For Standard Ptfe Gaskets? Ideal For Chemical & High-Temp Sealing

Discover the top uses for PTFE gaskets in chemical, food, pharma, and electrical industries. Learn about their chemical inertness, temperature stability, and limitations.

What Are The Key Properties Of Standard Ptfe Gaskets? Unlock Superior Chemical & Thermal Sealing

Explore the core properties of PTFE gaskets: unmatched chemical resistance, extreme temperature stability (-200°C to 260°C), and non-stick performance.

What Factors Should Be Considered When Selecting Ptfe Sealing Solutions? Ensure Reliability In Demanding Environments

Learn the key factors for choosing PTFE seals: chemical inertness, thermal stability, low friction, and managing creep. Optimize for semiconductor, medical, and industrial use.

How Do Energized Ptfe Seals Work? Achieve Reliable Sealing From Zero To High Pressure

Discover how energized PTFE seals combine mechanical force and system pressure for leak-proof performance in extreme temperatures and harsh chemicals.

How Can Ptfe Be Modified To Enhance Its Sealing Properties? Boost Durability & Performance

Learn how PTFE fillers like carbon, glass, and bronze combat cold flow and wear to create high-performance seals for demanding applications.

What Are The Advantages Of Ptfe-Based Seals? Unmatched Performance In Extreme Conditions

Discover why PTFE seals excel with superior chemical resistance, extreme temperature tolerance, and the lowest friction for demanding applications.

What Are Some Common Ptfe-Based Sealing Components And Their Functions? Discover High-Performance Sealing Solutions

Explore common PTFE sealing components like piston seals, wipers, and guide strips. Learn their functions and how they ensure reliability in harsh environments.

Why Is Ptfe Considered An Ideal Material For Demanding Hydraulic And Pneumatic Applications? Ensure Superior Sealing Performance And Reliability

Discover how PTFE's chemical inertness, low friction, and extreme temperature stability solve critical challenges in hydraulic and pneumatic systems.

What Materials Are Used For Hydraulic And Pneumatic Sealing? Choose The Right Seal For Extreme Conditions

Explore common hydraulic seal materials like NBR, PU, FKM, and PTFE. Learn how to select the right material for temperature, pressure, and chemical resistance.

What Is The Purpose Of Comparing Spring Energized Ptfe Seals To Elastomeric Seals? A Guide To Choosing The Right Seal

Learn when to choose a spring-energized PTFE seal over an elastomeric seal for extreme temperatures, harsh chemicals, and high-pressure applications.

How Do Spring Energized Ptfe Seals Compare To Elastomeric Seals In Dynamic Service? Superior Performance In Extreme Conditions

Discover why spring-energized PTFE seals outperform elastomeric seals in high-speed, high-pressure, and extreme temperature dynamic applications.

Why Are Ptfe Seals Chemically Inert And Suitable For Extreme Temperatures? The Science Of Unmatched Stability

Discover how PTFE's unique molecular structure provides superior chemical resistance and a vast temperature range from -260°C to +300°C for demanding applications.

What Are The Key Performance Capabilities Of Spring Energized Ptfe Seals? Conquer Extreme Environments

Discover how spring energized PTFE seals excel in extreme temperatures, high pressure, and harsh chemicals, offering unmatched reliability.

How Do Ptfe Seals Perform In Dynamic And Thermal Cycling Applications? Discover Unmatched Reliability For Demanding Conditions

Learn how spring-energized PTFE seals excel in high-speed, extreme temperature applications with superior wear resistance and a wide operational range.

What Are The Different Spring Load Ratings For Ptfe Seals? Optimize Performance & Lifespan

Learn about light, medium, and heavy load PTFE seal springs. Choose the right rating for your application to balance sealing force, friction, and wear.

What Role Does The Stainless Steel Spring Play In Ptfe Seals? The Engine For Reliable Sealing Performance

Discover how the stainless steel spring in PTFE seals provides constant force for reliable sealing in extreme temperatures, chemicals, and low-pressure applications.

How Does The Spring Energizer Work In Ptfe Seals? Ensure Leak-Free Performance In Extreme Conditions

Learn how a spring energizer overcomes PTFE's lack of elasticity to create a reliable, long-lasting seal for extreme pressure, temperature, and chemical applications.

How Are Ptfe Seals Manufactured And Customized? Precision Cnc Machining For Superior Performance

Discover the two-stage process of PTFE seal manufacturing: from premium resin selection and heat treatment to precision CNC machining for custom sizes and profiles.

What Materials Are Used For Jacket Profiles And Springs In Ptfe Seals? A Guide To Material Selection

Learn about PTFE seal materials: jacket profiles (PTFE, filled PTFE) and spring energizers (stainless steel, Elgiloy, Hastelloy) for optimal performance.

How Is A Spring Energized Ptfe Seal Defined? A High-Performance Solution For Extreme Conditions

Learn how spring energized PTFE seals work, their key components, and when to specify them for extreme temperatures, chemicals, and low friction.

What Are The Three Basic Design Elements Of Ptfe Seals? Unlock Superior Sealing Performance

Discover the three core elements of PTFE seals: the PTFE jacket, energizer spring, and material properties. Learn how they work together for reliable sealing.

What Are The Advantages Of Spring Energized Ptfe Seals? Unmatched Reliability In Extreme Conditions

Discover why spring-energized PTFE seals outperform elastomers in extreme temperatures, high pressure, and harsh chemical environments.

What Are The Advantages Of Ptfe Lined Diaphragm Valves? Superior Corrosion & Purity Control

Discover the key benefits of PTFE lined diaphragm valves: unmatched chemical resistance, hygienic design, and reliable leak prevention for tough fluids.

How Does A Ptfe Lined Wafer Check Valve Function? A Guide To Reliable Backflow Prevention

Learn how PTFE lined wafer check valves prevent backflow in corrosive systems. Discover their automatic operation, compact design, and chemical resistance.

Can Ptfe Lined Check Valves Handle High-Pressure Water Systems? Yes, Up To 232 Psi.

Learn the pressure limits of PTFE lined check valves for water systems. Ideal for corrosive, high-purity water up to 1.6 MPa (232 PSI).

What Are The Applications Of Ptfe Lined Ball Valves? Control Corrosive & High-Purity Fluids Safely

Explore the key uses of PTFE lined ball valves in chemical, pharmaceutical, food & beverage, and power generation industries for superior corrosion resistance.

What Is A Ptfe Lined Check Valve For Water Pumps? Protect Your Pump From Corrosion And Backflow

Discover how PTFE lined check valves prevent backflow and corrosion in water pumps, ensuring system purity and longevity for demanding industrial applications.

What Are The Key Features Of Fully Lined Ball Valves? Engineered For Total Corrosion Resistance

Discover the key features of fully lined ball valves: complete fluoropolymer lining, full port design, and robust construction for handling corrosive media.

What Is The Significance Of The Short Valve Stroke In Ptfe Lined Check Valves? Achieve Rapid Backflow Prevention

Discover how a short valve stroke in PTFE lined check valves ensures rapid closure to protect equipment and prevent contamination in chemical and industrial systems.

What Industries Commonly Use Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves? Essential For Corrosive & High-Purity Applications

Discover which industries rely on PTFE lined butterfly valves for chemical resistance, purity, and leak-free sealing in corrosive or sensitive processes.

How Do Ptfe Lined Check Valves Integrate With Modern Water Pump Systems? Boost Efficiency And Protect Your System

Learn how PTFE lined check valves prevent backflow, reduce energy use, and resist corrosion to enhance modern water pump system performance and longevity.

What Is A Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valve And What Are Its Main Advantages? Superior Control For Corrosive & High-Purity Fluids

Discover how PTFE lined butterfly valves provide unmatched chemical resistance, a wide temperature range, and reliable sealing for tough fluid handling.

What Technological Advancements Have Been Made In Ptfe Lined Check Valves? Boost Efficiency & Reliability

Explore key PTFE lined check valve advancements: superior materials, optimized flow dynamics, and compact designs for lower energy use and longer life.

How Do Ptfe Lined Check Valves Prevent Backflow And Maintain System Integrity? Ensure Reliable, Corrosion-Resistant Flow Control

Discover how PTFE lined check valves use a mechanical barrier and inert lining to prevent backflow and ensure long-term system integrity in harsh environments.

Why Are Ptfe Lined Check Valves Ideal For Commercial Environments? Ensure System Integrity In Corrosive Applications

Discover how PTFE lined check valves offer unmatched chemical resistance, thermal stability, and purity for corrosive and high-purity fluid systems.

What Are The Benefits Of Using Ptfe Lined Check Valves In Water Pump Systems? Boost Reliability & Cut Costs

Discover how PTFE-lined check valves prevent backflow, resist corrosion, and reduce maintenance for water systems. Ideal for harsh or pure applications.

What Are The Sealing Capabilities Of Ptfe Lined Check Valves? Achieve Superior Corrosion Resistance

Explore PTFE lined check valve sealing performance, including chemical inertness, temperature range, and key limitations for corrosive fluid handling.

How Do Ptfe Lined Check Valves Differ From Traditional Swing Check Valves? A Guide To Superior Flow Control

Explore the key differences between PTFE lined and swing check valves: mechanism, chemical resistance, water hammer prevention, and application suitability.

What Are The Advantages Of Spring-Loaded Lift Check Valves? Achieve Reliable, Non-Slam Backflow Prevention

Discover the key benefits of spring-loaded lift check valves: versatile installation, non-slam closure to prevent water hammer, and compact design for tight spaces.

How Do Spring-Loaded Lift Check Valves Operate? The Key To Preventing Backflow And Water Hammer

Learn how spring-loaded lift check valves use spring tension to prevent backflow, ensure quiet operation, and allow installation in any orientation.

What Is The Function Of Check Valves In Water Pump Systems? Protect Your Pump And Prevent Backflow

Learn how check valves prevent backflow, protect pumps from damage, and ensure system efficiency in water pump systems.

Why Are Ptfe Expansion Bellows Considered Versatile In Technology? Mastering Chemical, Thermal, And Mechanical Challenges

Discover how PTFE bellows' chemical inertness, thermal stability, and mechanical flexibility solve complex engineering problems across industries.

How Does The Low Friction Coefficient Of Ptfe Expansion Bellows Benefit Fluid Flow? Reduce Energy Use & Prevent Blockages

Discover how PTFE bellows' low friction and non-stick surface minimize pipeline resistance, prevent buildup, and ensure reliable, efficient fluid transport.

What Temperature Range Can Ptfe Expansion Bellows Withstand? Endure Extremes From -200°C To 260°C

Learn how PTFE expansion bellows handle extreme temperatures from -200°C to 260°C while maintaining chemical inertness and flexibility in demanding applications.

What Advantages Do Ptfe Expansion Bellows Offer Over Traditional Alternatives? Achieve Unmatched Reliability In Demanding Environments

Discover the key advantages of PTFE expansion bellows, including superior chemical resistance, thermal stability, and lower total cost of ownership.

How Do Ptfe Expansion Bellows Contribute To Pollution Control Systems? Enhance System Integrity & Safety

Learn how PTFE expansion bellows prevent leaks, absorb vibration, and handle corrosive media in pollution control systems for reliable compliance.

What Makes Ptfe Expansion Bellows Ideal For Pharmaceutical Processing? Ensure Product Purity And Regulatory Compliance

Discover why PTFE expansion bellows are essential for pharmaceutical processing, offering unmatched chemical inertness, hygienic properties, and FDA compliance.

Why Are Ptfe Expansion Bellows Suitable For Hvac Systems? Ensure Long-Term Reliability And Performance

Discover how PTFE expansion bellows manage thermal movement, absorb vibration, and resist chemicals in HVAC systems for superior durability and lower lifetime costs.

How Do Ptfe Expansion Bellows Benefit Pulse Dampeners? Achieve Superior Flow Stability And Corrosion Resistance

Learn how PTFE bellows absorb pressure surges and resist chemicals to protect equipment and ensure reliability in demanding industrial fluid systems.

Which Industries Commonly Use Ptfe Expansion Bellows? Solve Your Critical Chemical And Purity Challenges

Learn why PTFE expansion bellows are vital for chemical resistance, purity, and flexibility in semiconductor, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.

What Is The Primary Function Of Ptfe Expansion Bellows? Solve Movement And Corrosion Challenges

Learn how PTFE expansion bellows absorb movement, vibration, and stress in corrosive, high-purity, and extreme temperature piping systems.

What Media Restrictions Apply To Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves? Ensure Long-Term Reliability For Corrosive Fluids

Learn the critical limits for PTFE lined butterfly valves: abrasive media and temperature. Ensure proper valve selection for corrosive chemical applications.

What Pressure Considerations Apply To Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves? Avoid Liner Failure And Ensure Safe Operation

Learn the critical pressure and temperature limits for PTFE lined butterfly valves to prevent liner collapse, rupture, and ensure long-term reliability in corrosive systems.

Why Should Negative Pressure Be Avoided With Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves? Prevent Catastrophic Liner Failure

Learn how vacuum conditions destroy PTFE lined butterfly valves by delaminating liners, causing seal failure, and obstructing valve operation.

What Temperature Limitations Exist For Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves? Ensure Safe, Leak-Free Operation

Learn the critical temperature limits for PTFE lined butterfly valves. Avoid failure by adhering to the 120°C continuous and 150°C intermittent max.

How Does The Operating Mechanism Of Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves Work? A Guide To Corrosion-Resistant Flow Control

Learn how PTFE lined butterfly valves use a quarter-turn mechanism and inert liner for reliable, leak-tight shut-off in corrosive and high-purity applications.

What Is The Purpose Of The Holes In Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves? Ensure Perfect Alignment For Leak-Proof Sealing

Discover why the alignment holes in PTFE lined butterfly valves are critical for protecting the liner and ensuring a leak-proof seal in corrosive applications.

How Are Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves Assembled With Bolts? A Guide To Secure, Leak-Free Installation

Learn the correct method for assembling PTFE lined butterfly valves with full-threaded stud bolts to ensure a perfect seal and protect the liner.

What Are The Primary Functions Of Ptfe Lined Butterfly Valves? Achieve Reliable Flow Control In Hostile Environments

Learn how PTFE lined butterfly valves provide leak-proof shutoff and precise flow control for corrosive, high-purity, and high-temperature applications.

What Industries Are Ptfe Gasket Envelopes Suitable For? Find The Perfect Seal For Demanding Applications

Discover how PTFE gasket envelopes provide superior chemical resistance, purity, and temperature tolerance for chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries.

What Are The Advantages Of Ptfe Envelope Pipe Gaskets? Superior Sealing For Harsh Chemical & Pure Processes

Discover the key benefits of PTFE envelope gaskets: unmatched chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and purity for demanding industrial applications.

Why Are Ptfe Lined Pipes Considered Essential For Certain Industries? Unmatched Corrosion Resistance & Purity

PTFE lined pipes offer superior chemical inertness, high-temperature stability, and non-stick properties for corrosive, high-purity fluid transport.

What Types Of Resistance Do Ptfe Lined Pipes Provide? Unlock Superior Chemical And Thermal Performance

Discover how PTFE lined pipes provide unmatched resistance to chemicals, high temperatures, pressure, and permeability for demanding industrial applications.

What Benefits Do Ptfe Lined Pipes Offer In Terms Of Chemical Flow? Ensure Corrosion-Free, High-Purity Transfer

Discover how PTFE lined pipes provide unmatched chemical inertness, low friction for efficient flow, and prevent contamination for industries like semiconductor and pharma.

How Does The Lifespan Of Ptfe Lined Pipes Compare To Standard Steel Pipes? Maximize Longevity In Corrosive Environments

PTFE-lined pipes offer a significantly longer lifespan than standard steel by preventing chemical corrosion. Learn the key benefits and cost savings.

What Are The Advantages Of Ptfe/Pfa Lining In Steel Pipes? Achieve Superior Corrosion Resistance And Purity

Discover how PTFE/PFA-lined steel pipes combine structural strength with chemical inertness for superior corrosion resistance, purity, and longevity.

What Is The Thermal Shock Resistance Of Ptfe Lined Pipes? Engineered For Extreme Temperature Cycling

Discover why PTFE lined pipes excel in thermal shock resistance, preventing cracks and failure during rapid temperature changes for safer, more reliable systems.

What Is Teflon Lined Carbon Steel Pipe, And What Are Its Properties? A Cost-Effective Solution For Corrosive Fluids

Discover Teflon-lined carbon steel pipe: a composite system combining steel strength with PTFE's chemical inertness for handling corrosive, high-purity fluids.

What Types Of Applications Are Ptfe / Fep / Pfa Lined Pipes Suitable For? Handle Extreme Corrosive Fluids Safely

Discover how PTFE, FEP, and PFA lined pipes provide unmatched chemical resistance for chemical, pharmaceutical, and power generation industries.

What Are The Key Properties Of Ptfe Pipes? Unlock Unmatched Chemical & Thermal Resistance

Explore the key properties of PTFE pipes: extreme chemical inertness, a wide temperature range (-200°C to +260°C), and the lowest friction surface.

What Are The Differences Between Teflon And Rubber Sealed Bearings? Choose The Right Seal For Speed Or Protection

Teflon seals offer low friction for high speeds, while rubber seals provide superior protection in harsh environments. Learn the key trade-offs.