Teflon is the well-known brand name for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a synthetic fluoropolymer with exceptional non-stick, chemical-resistant, and high-temperature-resistant properties. Discovered accidentally in 1938 by Roy J. Plunkett, Teflon has become indispensable in industries ranging from cookware to aerospace due to its unique combination of durability and performance characteristics. While "Teflon" remains the most recognizable name, this material is also commonly referred to by its chemical designation PTFE or simply as polytetrafluoroethylene in technical contexts.
Key Points Explained:
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Chemical Composition & Discovery
- Teflon is chemically known as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), formed by polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene
- Discovered accidentally in 1938 by DuPont chemist Roy J. Plunkett during refrigerant research
- The discovery occurred when a compressed gas cylinder failed to discharge properly, revealing a waxy, slippery polymer coating inside
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Primary Alternative Names
- PTFE: The standard chemical abbreviation derived from "polytetrafluoroethylene"
- Polytetrafluoroethylene: The full IUPAC chemical name
- Fluoropolymer: Describes its classification within polymer chemistry
- In some contexts, it may be called a "fluoroplastic" or "semi-crystalline thermoplastic"
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Key Properties Driving Its Use
- Non-stick surface: Lowest coefficient of friction of any solid material
- Temperature resistance: Stable from -200°C to +260°C (-328°F to +500°F)
- Chemical inertness: Resistant to virtually all industrial chemicals
- Electrical insulation: Excellent dielectric properties
- Low friction: Self-lubricating properties reduce wear
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Trademark Status
- "Teflon" is a registered trademark owned by Chemours (a DuPont spin-off)
- The brand name became so ubiquitous it's often used generically (like "Kleenex")
- Other manufacturers produce PTFE under different trade names (e.g., Dyneon™ PTFE)
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Industry Applications
- Cookware: Non-stick coatings for pans and bakeware
- Industrial: Gaskets, seals, and linings in chemical processing
- Electrical: Insulation for wiring and components
- Medical: Implants and surgical tools requiring biocompatibility
- Aerospace: Critical components exposed to extreme conditions
For purchasers, understanding these alternative names is crucial when comparing specifications or sourcing materials from different suppliers. The properties remain consistent regardless of the naming convention used, though branded Teflon may undergo additional quality controls. When evaluating alternatives, consider whether the application requires the pure PTFE formulation or if modified versions (like filled PTFE for improved wear resistance) might be more suitable.
Summary Table:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) |
| Discovery | Accidentally discovered in 1938 by Roy J. Plunkett |
| Alternative Names | PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Fluoropolymer, Fluoroplastic |
| Key Properties | Non-stick, Chemical-resistant, High-temperature resistant, Low friction |
| Applications | Cookware, Industrial seals, Electrical insulation, Medical implants |
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