PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) is renowned for its exceptionally low coefficient of friction (COF), typically around 0.1 at speeds below 10 ft./min, making it one of the slickest solid materials available. This property, combined with its chemical resistance, thermal stability, and dielectric strength, makes PTFE ideal for applications requiring minimal friction, such as bearings, seals, and custom ptfe parts. The COF can vary based on pressure, sliding velocity, and temperature, with high pressure and low velocities generally yielding lower friction. Standard tests like ASTM D1894 and ASTM D3702 are used to measure COF under controlled conditions, ensuring reliability for industrial use.
Key Points Explained:
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Coefficient of Friction (COF) for PTFE
- PTFE's COF is approximately 0.1 at speeds <10 ft./min, one of the lowest among solids.
- This low friction stems from its molecular structure, where fluorine atoms create a smooth, non-reactive surface.
- Variables like pressure, velocity, and temperature influence COF:
- High pressure and low sliding speeds reduce friction further.
- Elevated temperatures may increase COF due to material softening.
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Factors Affecting COF Measurements
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Testing Standards:
- ASTM D1894: Measures static/kinetic COF.
- ASTM D3702: Evaluates wear rate and COF in thrust washers.
- Real-World Simulation: Pin-on-disk testing replicates sliding conditions.
- Environmental Factors: Surface roughness, lubricants, and load impact results.
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Testing Standards:
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Complementary Properties Enhancing PTFE’s Utility
- Thermal Stability: Operates from -200°C to +260°C, suitable for extreme environments.
- Chemical Resistance: Inert to most acids, bases, and solvents.
- Electrical Insulation: High dielectric strength ideal for semiconductors/cables.
- Low Adhesion: Easy-to-clean surfaces resist staining and buildup.
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Industrial Applications
- PTFE’s low COF makes it perfect for:
- Bearings and seals (reducing wear).
- Non-stick coatings (e.g., cookware).
- Custom PTFE parts like gaskets or liners, tailored for specific friction/durability needs.
- PTFE’s low COF makes it perfect for:
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Physical and Mechanical Properties
- Tensile strength: 6,240 psi.
- Hardness: R58 (moderate rigidity).
- Flammability: V0 rating (self-extinguishing).
- Density: 2.2 g/cm³ (lightweight yet durable).
For purchasers, understanding these nuances ensures optimal selection of PTFE components, balancing friction requirements with environmental and mechanical demands. Whether for mass-produced items or specialized custom parts, PTFE’s versatility remains unmatched in low-friction applications.
Summary Table:
| Property | Value/Range | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Coefficient of Friction | ~0.1 (at speeds <10 ft./min) | One of the lowest among solids; varies with pressure, speed, and temperature. |
| Thermal Stability | -200°C to +260°C | Retains properties in extreme environments. |
| Chemical Resistance | Inert to most acids/bases/solvents | Ideal for corrosive settings. |
| Tensile Strength | 6,240 psi | Balances durability with flexibility. |
| Common Applications | Bearings, seals, non-stick coatings | Customizable for specific friction/wear requirements. |
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