The chemical name for Teflon is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a synthetic fluoropolymer with exceptional properties like chemical resistance, heat stability, and non-stick characteristics. Discovered in 1938, PTFE consists of repeating tetrafluoroethylene monomers (C2F4)n, forming a chain structure with fluorine atoms densely packed around carbon. Its unique molecular arrangement grants it a wide working temperature range (-200°C to 260°C) and makes it invaluable in industries from cookware to aerospace.
Key Points Explained:
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Chemical Name and Abbreviation
- Teflon's systematic name is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), derived from its monomer tetrafluoroethylene (TFE).
- The abbreviation PTFE reflects its polymer structure: Poly (many) + Tetra (four fluorine atoms) + Fluoro (fluorine) + Ethylene (carbon backbone).
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Molecular Structure
- PTFE’s formula (C2F4)n denotes a carbon chain surrounded by fluorine atoms, creating a robust, inert structure.
- The fluorine "shield" prevents chemical attacks, explaining its resistance to acids, bases, and solvents.
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Discovery and Properties
- Accidentally discovered by Roy Plunkett in 1938, PTFE’s properties include:
- Thermal stability: Withstands extreme temperatures (-200°C to 260°C).
- Non-reactivity: Biocompatible and non-flammable.
- Low friction: One of the slipperiest materials known.
- Accidentally discovered by Roy Plunkett in 1938, PTFE’s properties include:
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Applications
- Used in non-stick cookware (Teflon-coated pans), medical devices (catheters), and industrial coatings (pipes, valves).
- Its dielectric strength makes it ideal for insulating cables and circuit boards.
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Safety and Biocompatibility
- PTFE is chemically inert, posing minimal toxicity risks under normal use.
- Degrades only at temperatures above 260°C, releasing negligible fumes.
For purchasers, understanding PTFE’s properties ensures informed decisions—whether selecting lab equipment linings or high-performance seals. Its versatility and durability make it a cornerstone material in both everyday and industrial applications.
Summary Table:
| Key Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) |
| Abbreviation | PTFE (Poly + Tetra + Fluoro + Ethylene) |
| Molecular Structure | (C2F4)n – Carbon chain shielded by fluorine atoms |
| Discovery | Accidentally discovered by Roy Plunkett in 1938 |
| Key Properties | Chemical resistance, thermal stability (-200°C to 260°C), low friction, non-reactivity |
| Applications | Non-stick cookware, medical devices, industrial coatings, electrical insulation |
| Safety | Biocompatible, inert, minimal toxicity under normal use |
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